Mitochondrial damage is commonly involved in liver injury. We have previously shown that normal mitochondria can be coated with a carrier protein to form complexes that are specifically taken up by liver cells in culture.
The aim of the current study was to determine whether mitochondrial complexes could be specifically delivered to the livers of living rats by intravenous injection.Mitochondria were harvested from fresh mouse liver, mixed with an asialoglycoprotein-based carrier, asialoorosomucoid-polylysine (AsOR-PL), and purified to form complexes.
To facilitate release of internalized mitochondria from endosomes, an endosomolytic peptide, listeriolysin O (LLO) was coupled to AsOR to form AsOR-LLO. Mitochondria alone, mitochondrial complexes with AsOR-PL, and mitochondrial complexes plus AsOR-LLO conjugate all containing the same number of mitochondria were injected intravenously.
Animals were sacrificed, and organs removed and analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) of mouse mitochondrial DNA, electronmicroscopy (EM), and in situ PCR and hybridization followed by immunohistochemical analyses.Calculations revealed that approximately 27% of the total injected mitochondria was detected in liver, while less than 2% was found in spleen, and <1% in lungs.
Recombinant Human RBMY1A1 Protein, His, E.coli-1mg |
QP7035-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 1742 |
Recombinant Human ATP6V1F Protein, GST, E.coli-1mg |
QP909-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 1742 |
Recombinant Human C1D Protein, GST, E.coli-1mg |
QP938-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 1742 |
Recombinant Mouse PRDX2 Protein, His, E.coli-1mg |
QP10500-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 5251 |
Recombinant Human ACP6 Protein, His, E.coli-1mg |
QP10503-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 2757 |
Recombinant Human ADA Protein, His, E.coli-1mg |
QP10505-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 5251 |
Recombinant Human ADK Protein, His, E.coli-1mg |
QP10507-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 5251 |
Recombinant Human AKR1B1 Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
QP10511-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 1859 |
Recombinant Mouse AKR1B1 Protein, His, E.coli-1mg |
QP10512-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 2757 |
Recombinant Human AKR1C1 Protein, His, E.coli-1mg |
QP10513-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 2312 |
Recombinant Human AKR7A2 Protein, His, E.coli-1mg |
QP10514-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 3655 |
Recombinant Human ALDH2 Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
QP10515-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 1859 |
Recombinant Human ALDH3A1 Protein, His, E.coli-1mg |
QP10516-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 5251 |
Recombinant Human APOE3 Protein, His, E.coli-1mg |
QP10522-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 318 |
Recombinant Mouse APRIL Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
QP10523-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 2757 |
Recombinant Human Artemin Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
QP10524-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 2757 |
Recombinant Human BLMH Protein, His, E.coli-1mg |
QP10535-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 2757 |
Recombinant Human BMP13 Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
QP10537-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 1415 |
Recombinant Human BRAK Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
QP10538-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 2757 |
Recombinant Mouse BTC Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
QP10539-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 2757 |
Recombinant Bovine BTC Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
QP10540-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 3655 |
Recombinant Mouse C5a Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
QP10541-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 5251 |
Recombinant Human CA13 Protein, His, E.coli-1mg |
QP10542-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 5251 |
Recombinant Human Calumenin Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
QP10543-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 5251 |
Recombinant Human CAT Protein, His, E.coli-1mg |
QP10545-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 2757 |
Recombinant Human CDA Protein, His, E.coli-1mg |
QP10546-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 2757 |
Recombinant Human CDNF Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
QP10547-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 2757 |
Recombinant Mouse CDNF Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
QP10548-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 2757 |
Recombinant Rat CDNF Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
QP10549-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 2757 |
Recombinant Mouse CNTF Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
QP10558-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 2757 |
Recombinant Rat CNTF Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
QP10559-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 2757 |
Recombinant Human CST5 Protein, His, E.coli-1mg |
QP10562-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 5251 |
Recombinant Human CSTA Protein, His, E.coli-1mg |
QP10563-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 3655 |
Recombinant Human CTF1 Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
QP10564-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 4734 |
Recombinant Human CTRB1 Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
QP10565-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 155 |
Recombinant Human CXCL16 Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
QP10568-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 2757 |
Recombinant Mouse DHFR Protein, His, E.coli-1mg |
QP10575-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 2757 |
Recombinant Human DUSP18 Protein, His, E.coli-1mg |
QP10577-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 5251 |
Recombinant Human DUSP3 Protein, His, E.coli-1mg |
QP10579-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 2757 |
Recombinant Human ECHS1 Protein, His, E.coli-1mg |
QP10581-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 5251 |
Recombinant Human Endostatin Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
QP10588-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 1053 |
Recombinant Human ErbB3 Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
QP10592-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 3655 |
Recombinant Human FGF16 Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
QP10601-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 2757 |
Recombinant Human FGF20 Protein, His, E.coli-1mg |
QP10603-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 3573 |
Recombinant Human FGFR1 Protein, Untagged, Insect-1mg |
QP10604-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 5251 |
Recombinant Human FGFR2 Protein, Untagged, Insect-1mg |
QP10605-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 5251 |
Recombinant Human FGFR4 Protein, Untagged, Insect-1mg |
QP10606-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 5251 |
Recombinant Human FKBP1B Protein, His, E.coli-1mg |
QP10607-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 2757 |
Recombinant Human FKBP2 Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
QP10608-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 5251 |
Recombinant Human FKBP4 Protein, His, E.coli-1mg |
QP10609-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 1859 |
Recombinant Human FLT4 Protein, His, Insect-1mg |
QP10618-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 5251 |
Recombinant Human Fumarase Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
QP10621-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 1859 |
Recombinant E.coli G6PD Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
QP10622-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 1859 |
Recombinant Human G6PD Protein, His, Insect-1mg |
QP10623-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 2757 |
Recombinant Mouse GAPDH Protein, His, E.coli-1mg |
QP10624-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 5251 |
Recombinant Rat GCSF Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
QP10625-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 4734 |
Recombinant Human GDA Protein, His, E.coli-1mg |
QP10626-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 5251 |
Recombinant Human GDF7 Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
QP10628-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 4734 |
Recombinant Mouse GDF7 Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
QP10629-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 4734 |
Recombinant Carp GH Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
QP10631-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 2158 |
Recombinant Chicken GH Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
QP10632-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 907 |
Recombinant Ovine GH Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
QP10634-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 1116 |
Recombinant Zebrafish GH Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
QP10635-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 2358 |
Recombinant Porcine GH Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
QP10637-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 318 |
Recombinant Mouse GH Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
QP10638-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 2458 |
Recombinant Bovine GH Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
QP10639-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 745 |
Recombinant Rabbit GHBP Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
QP10642-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 3419 |
Recombinant Human GHRH Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
QP10643-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 201 |
Recombinant E.coli GLDA Protein, His, E.coli-1mg |
QP10644-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 5251 |
Recombinant Human GLUL Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
QP10646-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 5251 |
Recombinant Human GNMT Protein, His, E.coli-1mg |
QP10649-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 5251 |
Recombinant E.coli GOR Protein, His, E.coli-1mg |
QP10650-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 2757 |
Recombinant Human GOT1 Protein, His, E.coli-1mg |
QP10651-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 5251 |
Recombinant Human GOT2 Protein, His, E.coli-1mg |
QP10652-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 5251 |
Recombinant Rat GPT Protein, His, E.coli-1mg |
QP10653-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 2757 |
Recombinant Human GSR Protein, His, E.coli-1mg |
QP10655-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 5251 |
Recombinant other GST Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
QP10656-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 1859 |
Recombinant Human GSTA1 Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
QP10657-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 2312 |
Recombinant Mouse GSTM1 Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
QP10658-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 1859 |
Recombinant Human GSTM2 Protein, His, E.coli-1mg |
QP10659-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 2757 |
Recombinant Human GSTM5 Protein, His, E.coli-1mg |
QP10660-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 5251 |
Recombinant Human HK2 Protein, His, E.coli-1mg |
QP10667-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 5251 |
Recombinant Yeast IDH1 Protein, Untagged, Yeast-1mg |
QP10670-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 155 |
Recombinant Human IDH1 Protein, His, E.coli-1mg |
QP10671-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 2757 |
Recombinant Canine IFNG Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
QP10677-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 2757 |
Recombinant Rabbit IGF1 Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
QP10679-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 1959 |
Recombinant Human IGF1 Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
QP10680-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 291 |
Recombinant Mouse IGF1 Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
QP10681-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 1325 |
Recombinant Human IL12 Protein, His, Baculovirus-1mg |
QP10722-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 5251 |
Recombinant Human IL17D Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
QP10724-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 2757 |
Recombinant Mouse IL17E Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
QP10725-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 2757 |
Recombinant Mouse IL36G Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
QP10729-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 4734 |
Recombinant Mouse IL36RN Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
QP10730-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 4734 |
Recombinant Mouse KGF Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
QP10734-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 4734 |
Recombinant E.coli LACTB Protein, His, E.coli-1mg |
QP10738-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 5251 |
Recombinant other LDHB Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
QP10744-1mg |
EnQuireBio |
1mg |
EUR 155 |
Immunohistochemistry showed that mouse mitochondrial DNA staining was minimal with mitochondrial complexes alone, strong periportal with mitochondrial complexes co-injected with AsOR-LLO, and absent with mitochondria alone.Targetable mitochondrial complexes can be delivered to rat liver, and the efficiency of that process is greatly enhanced by co-injection of a targetable endosomal release agent, AsOR-LLO.